Managing "A" Inventory Items in the OR

Imagine this: You walk into a local bank to open anwhat level of attention to supplies might be needed.
account. As you're speaking to a bank representative,Here are some of the symptoms:
you notice that there are no tellers. Instead, customers
seem to be walking into the unguarded vault and1. Shortages. If we don't know with precision what we
helping themselves, either depositing or taking the cash.have, then an inevitable results will be a higher level of
The bank rep explains: "We can't really afford to hireshortages. The results can be serious for our patients,
people to just keep track of the cash, so we operateand also drive high expediting and overnight freight
with the honor system. When you take some cash orcosts.
drop some off, you are supposed to leave us a note.2. Inaccuracies in billing. Not everything gets billed out
Once a month we'll do a count and reconcile thecorrectly if we don't have tight reins on inventory
balances. Most people are pretty good at following themanagement.
system, but we always have some variances to write3. Excessive supplies handling. The "par level" method
up or down. But paying tellers to just keep track of theused to assess inventory needs is horribly inefficient. It
cash is a waste we just can't afford." By this timeshould be replaced with the system used by most
you're running for the door.world-class organizations, kanban. See my ezinearticle
As ridiculous as this seems, this is exactly the wayon Par and Kanban.
that many (most) hospital OR's handle their supplies4. Inaccurate financial statements. The accounting rules
and materials. Much of the material in the OR fallstell us that if we don't really know what we have, we
under the inventory classification of A items, items withalso don't really know what our costs are for any
a high dollar value. Examples of A items includegiven financial reporting period.
implants, stents, and grafts. The dollar value of this5. Excess inventory. If inventory records are not
material in the OR can easily total several million dollarsaccurate, we tend to compensate by overstocking. In
or more, and represent 70% of your total inventorya recent improvement project, we removed over
investment.$500,000 in excess inventory from an OR, without
How do we keep track of all of these dollars, in thebreathing hard.
form of supplies? Very few OR departments actuallyWhat should you do about managing A items? There
maintain a perpetual inventory system, that keepsare several possibilities, ranging from the very manual
track of material like a bank keeps track of cash. Into the high tech. The simplest suggestion is to do what
other words, at any given point in time the OR doesn'tmost high performing organizations do: have a
really know what is in stock without physically looking.quick-response stockroom in the OR, with individuals
Complete physical inventories are done periodically,assigned to inventory control, inventory transactions
sometimes as infrequently as every six months, andand patient service for materials. Set a goal of being
there are significant accounting write-ups orable to put your hands on any item within 10 seconds,
write-downs whenever this is done. Needless to say,and set up the storage area to be able to accomplish
this is a source of heartburn for the hospital financialthis. Plan to staff the area for hours that match the
department as well.schedule of OR need.
So why is this apparently common state of affairs,An intermediate-level solution would involve the use of
something that would be unacceptable in a bank orbar-codes to speed up transactions and reduce errors.
even a manufacturing company, allowed to continue inNurses and techs can be trained to use the bar-code
hospitals? Here are some of the reasons we hear:system, and reduce the workload on the materials
staff. Barcoding is not a new technology, and virtually
1. Our focus is on the patient. We can't expect nursesevery inventory system supports it.
and doctors to become "bean-counters". They're tooOn the high-tech side, install RFID-based cabinets. An
busy.RFID cabinet is a locked storage container that is able
2. Supplies and materials are often needed urgently.to track what is inside via a Radio Frequency
We can't slow down to fill out paperwork or transactIdentification tag attached to each high-dollar item. In
what we need, because it's too time consuming.order to unlock the cabinet an employee badge and a
3. We can't afford to hire any new FTEs to trackpatient case number are needed. The RFID cabinet
materials, because that's just another overheadhas the advantage of being able to capture billing
expense, and we need to control costs.information in addition to inventory information, and
4. That's not the way things are done in a hospital.greatly reducing human error.
Before we offer some suggestions for improvement,Regardless of the path you choose to follow, it is
let's take a look at the hard costs related to laximportant to make a commitment to a high level of
inventory management. In that way we can make ainventory control for A items in the OR. This effort will
more informed decision about what we can afford, orpay for itself many times over.